What is Gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of breast tissue in men. It is caused by a hormonal imbalance between estrogen and testosterone and can occur in one or both breasts. Gynecomastia often occurs during puberty or in older men, but it can happen at any age.
Causes of Gynecomastia:
- Hormonal Changes: Imbalance between estrogen and testosterone during puberty, aging, or due to certain medical conditions.
- Medication Use: Certain medications such as anabolic steroids, antidepressants, and prostate cancer drugs.
- Medical Conditions: Some conditions like kidney failure, liver failure, hyperthyroidism, and certain tumors.
- Obesity: Excess body fat can cause breast enlargement.
- Genetic Factors: In some cases, gynecomastia is inherited.
Symptoms of Gynecomastia:
- Enlargement of breast tissue on one or both sides.
- Tenderness or pain in the chest area.
- Swelling in the chest area.
- Feeling a lump under the nipple.
Diagnosis of Gynecomastia:
Diagnosis is usually made with a physical examination by a doctor. In some cases, blood tests to check hormone levels and ultrasound or mammography to rule out other conditions may be needed.
Treatment of Gynecomastia:
Treatment for gynecomastia varies depending on the cause and severity. Treatment methods include:
- Medication Therapy: Medications that regulate hormone levels are effective in some cases. These medications may include anti-estrogens or testosterone drugs.
- Surgery:
- Liposuction: To remove excess fat from the chest area.
- Excision of Breast Tissue: Surgery to remove glandular breast tissue.
- Combination of Liposuction and Excision: In cases where both excess fat and glandular tissue are present.
- Mastopexy (Breast Lift): In cases where there is breast sagging.
Post-Surgery Care:
- Wearing a compression garment for several weeks.
- Getting adequate rest and avoiding strenuous activities.
- Taking pain relievers to reduce pain.
- Regular follow-ups with the doctor to monitor the recovery.