What is Appendicitis?

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped pouch that extends from the large intestine. Appendicitis is a medical emergency, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as a ruptured appendix and infection (peritonitis).

Causes of Appendicitis:

• Blockage of the Appendix Lumen: The most common cause of appendicitis is a blockage of the appendix lumen by hardened stool, a mucous mass, parasites, or swelling of the tissues surrounding the appendix.
• Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to inflammation of the appendix.
• Enlarged Lymph Nodes: In some cases, enlarged lymph nodes around the appendix can cause blockage and inflammation.

Symptoms of Appendicitis:

• Abdominal Pain: The pain usually starts around the navel area and moves to the lower right abdomen (the area of the appendix). The pain can gradually increase.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms may appear in the early stages of appendicitis.
• Loss of Appetite: The person may not want to eat food.
• Fever: A mild fever may be present in some cases.
• Abdominal Tenderness: Pressing on the lower right abdomen causes pain.
• Bloating: The abdomen may be slightly swollen.
• Diarrhea or Constipation: Changes in bowel movement patterns may occur in some cases.

Diagnosis of Appendicitis:

Diagnosis of appendicitis is usually made through a physical examination by a doctor and assessment of symptoms. The following tests may be done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions:

• Blood Test: To check the number of white blood cells, which indicate infection.
• Urine Test: To rule out urinary tract infections.
• Abdominal Ultrasound: To examine the appendix and rule out other causes of abdominal pain.
• Abdominal CT Scan: In cases where ultrasound is not sufficient, a CT scan can provide a more detailed image of the appendix.

Treatment of Appendicitis:

The only effective treatment for appendicitis is surgery, which is performed in two ways:

1. Open Appendectomy (Traditional Surgery): In this method, the surgeon makes an incision in the lower right abdomen and removes the appendix. This method is usually used in cases where the appendix has ruptured or there are other complications.
2. Laparoscopic Appendectomy (Minimally Invasive Surgery): In this method, the surgeon removes the appendix through a few small incisions in the abdomen using special instruments and a camera. This method is less invasive and has a shorter recovery period.

Post-Surgery Care:

• Pain Management: Using pain relievers prescribed by the doctor.
• Rest: Getting enough rest and avoiding strenuous activities.
• Antibiotics: To prevent infection after surgery.
• Proper Nutrition: Starting gradually with light foods.
• Wound Care: Maintaining wound hygiene and changing dressings.
• Regular Follow-ups with the Doctor: To monitor the recovery.